Oxtongue, scientifically known as Helminthotheca echioides, is a plant species belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. The plant has an erect stem, which reaches a height of up to 1 meter. The leaves are lanceolate shaped, and have prominent veins. The Helminthotheca echioides flowers are yellow and arranged at the top of the stem in dense bunches. Each flower contains numerous small florets. The flowers typically bloom June to September. The fruit is a small achene containing a single seed. The fruit measures around 2-3 mm length. Helminthotheca echioides is considered biennial or short-lived perennial. It is relatively easy to grow and adapts to various soil conditions. However, it prefers well-drained soil and full sun. This plant grows in disturbed areas like roadsides, waste grounds, and cultivated fields. The name Helminthotheca comes from the Greek words for worm and case or sheath. This refers to the bracts surrounding the florets, resembling a worm case. Overall, Helminthotheca echioides is a distinctive plant with erect stem, lanceolate leaves, yellow flowers, and small achene fruits. It is a resilient species thriving in many environments.
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